What is photosynthesis?
The process by which green plants create food (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water using light energy and chlorophyll.
Write the symbol equation for photosynthesis.
\( 6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \).
What are the main products of photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen.
Name the five requirements for photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, optimum temperature, and chlorophyll.
What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?
It absorbs light energy required to drive the process.
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reaction and light-independent reaction.
What happens during the light-dependent reaction?
Light energy is absorbed, water molecules are split, and ATP and NADPH are produced.
What is photolysis?
The splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen using light energy.
Where does the light-independent reaction occur?
In the chloroplast stroma.
What is the main process in the light-independent reaction?
Hydrogen ions combine with carbon dioxide to form simple sugars.
How can you test for starch in a green leaf?
By boiling the leaf, removing chlorophyll with alcohol, and adding iodine solution to detect starch.
How can you prove that light is necessary for photosynthesis?
Cover part of a leaf with black paper, expose it to sunlight, and test for starch. Only the uncovered part turns blue-black.
How can you demonstrate that oxygen is produced during photosynthesis?
Use a water plant in sunlight, collect the gas in a test tube, and test it with a glowing splinter—it relights.
What experiment shows that chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis?
Test a variegated leaf for starch; only the green areas turn blue-black.
List two benefits of photosynthesis to living organisms.
It provides food and oxygen for all living beings and removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
What is chemosynthesis?
The process by which non-green organisms produce organic compounds from inorganic substances using chemical energy.
Name an organism that performs chemosynthesis.
Nitrosomonas or Nitrobacter.
Why is photosynthesis considered an endothermic reaction?
It absorbs light energy to drive the production of glucose.
Which part of the plant absorbs water and mineral salts?
The roots.
What is the significance of the oxygen produced during photosynthesis?
It supports respiration in animals and other organisms.
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